Biology+Journal+Post+1

**Differences** || **Plant Cell** || **Animal Call** || Size || Larger than Animal Cell (due to large vacuole) || Smaller than Plant Cell (due to small vacuole) || Shape || Rectangular. || Round. || Features (Vacuole) || Large and Permanent Vacuole (Contains water necessary to provide turgor pressure and may store ions and molecules.) || Small and Temporary Vacuole. (Involved with digestion or excretion.) || Features (Chloroplast or not) || Has chloroplast. (Contain the pigment chlorophyll for light absorption and enzymes necessary for the production of glucose by photosynthesis. || No Chloroplast. (Cannot create food) || Features (Lysosomes) ||  Lysosomes are not usually evident. ||  Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm. || Features (Cell Wall or Not) ||  Has a Cell Wall, made up of cellulose. Allows pressure to build inside of it, without bursting ||  No Cell Wall, gets destroyed easily when large amounts of liquids enter. || Features (Cilia or Not) ||  Rare. ||  Found in Animal Cells. || Features (Plastids or Not) ||  Present. ||  Not Present. || Functions (Sugar) ||  Turns Carbon Dioxide into Sugar. ||  Breaks down sugar into Carbon Dioxide to make Energy. ||

**Differences** || **Prokaryote** || **Eukaryote** || Size || Smaller and Simpler than Eukaryote Cells 0.2-2.0µm in diameter. || Bigger and more Complex than Prokaryote Cells. On average, 10 times larger. 10-100µm in diameter. || Features (Nucleus) || Lacking of a membrane-bound nucleus. Genetic Material is naked within the cytoplasm, ribosomes the only type of organelle. || Nucleus Present, thus cell more complex. || Features (DNA Arrangement) || As there is no nucleus to hold them together, they float freely around in an unorganized manner. || Have nucleus to hold the DNA together. || Features (Presence of organelles) || Rare, the only type of organelles is Ribosomes. || Present, to perform more complex functions than prokaryotic cells. || Features (Ribosome) || Smaller Sized Ribosomes (70S) || Larger Sized Ribosomes (80S) || Features (Cell Wall) || Cell Wall made of peptidoglycan. (amino acids and sugar) || Cell walls present (only present in plants and fungi cells and not animal cells), but none made of peptidoglycan. || Cell Division || Binary Fission || Mitosis (Daughter nucleus to receive one copy of chromosomes) || Examples || E. Coli Bacterium, bacteria. || Animal, Plant Cells. ||

Glossary: **Cilia and Flagella** - For single-celled eukaryotes, cilia and flagella are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms. In multicellular organisms, cilia function to move fluid or materials past an immobile cell as well as moving a cell or group of cells.

**Lysosomes** - The main function of these microbodies is digestion. Lysosomes break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials.

**Mitochondria** - Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy.

**Nucleus** - The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).


 * Plasma Membrane** - All living cells have a plasma membrane that encloses their contents. In prokaryotes, the membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane to contain and protect their contents. These membranes also regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells.
 * Ribosomes** - All living cells contain ribosomes, tiny organelles composed of approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of four strands of RNA. In prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA.